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- Franchising
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- The franchising industry has become a multibillion dollar
- business in Japan. Originally developed in the fast food
- area, it has expanded into a variety of new sectors. In
- 1989, there were 626 domestic and foreign franchising
- chains in Japan with aggregate total sales of 7 trillion
- yen ($49 billion) at 131,267 outlets (franchised --
- 115,750; directly operated -- 15,517). The number of
- franchising chains, 626, is about one-third of the
- franchise chains in the United States.
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- In general, the details of a master franchise agreement are
- not disclosed. However, certain similarities among
- franchise agreements exist. Most U.S. franchisors usually
- do not try to recruit actual shop operators in Japan
- directly from the United States. Instead, U.S. firms
- concentrate their efforts on finding a master franchisee,
- which is usually either a Japanese company or a joint
- venture between the U.S. franchisor and a Japanese company,
- or in some cases, a wholly owned subsidiary of the U.S.
- company. The master franchise holder is then responsible
- for the actual recruitment of Japanese franchisees.
- Usually, the master franchisee will pay the U.S. company a
- lump-sum payment which is payable over a certain period of
- time, in addition to royalty payments which average around
- 5 percent of the sales. Since the quality and nature of
- services are quickly changing to suit market demand in
- Japan, the life cycle of a new type of service organization
- or fast food chain tends to be relatively short. Typically
- in Japan, once consumer interest or need is successfully
- identified several companies with similar capabilities rush
- into the market and generate fierce competition.
- Therefore, U.S. franchising operators should consider
- entering the Japanese market only after preparing a
- feasibility study, developing a long-term investment plan,
- and carefully evaluating the timing and life cycle of the
- particular good or service.
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